The Involvement Of Boko Haram - 1243 Words

Intimidation is a strategy aimed at convincing the population that the government is too weak to stop them and thus, forces the populous to comply as the terrorist organization wishes. This strategy has been utilized to aide recruitment. Boko Haram began to receive attention in 2003 when it launched attacks against police stations. The organization continued to attack police stations for a few years, primarily to steal arms and ammunition, but also because they understood that these were targets with high success rates. Not only did these targets provide weapons for Boko Haram, but it also increased their recruitment, due to the government s inability to suppress the attacks. This strategy proved that the group was strong enough to repress the government and work towards achieving a goal of a traditional Muslim society (Elkaim). Historically, kidnapping has shown to provide significant financial resources for perpetrators. Furthermore, unlike hostage taking, does not limit the perpetrators options, is generally not public, and compels the third party to act in their favor. This is a strategy often utilized, successfully, by Boko Haram. The U.S. has estimated that they have received nearly 1 million a year from ransoms (threat report). Kidnapping is not only used as a financial mechanism for Boko Haram, but rather a strategy to advance their goals in all areas. It has been over two years and most of the Chibok schoolgirls, kidnapped by Boko Haram, are still missing. BokoShow MoreRelatedWhy Is Boko Haram?1625 Words   |  7 Pagesand remorseless assassinations, Nigeria has proven that while terrorism may be on the decline, local terrorist groups seem to still be on the rise and the unprecedented terrorist operations of Boko Haram have shattered the hope that peace is returning to Africa’s most populous country any time soon (â€Å"Boko Haram†). Nigeria is a West African country with a population of about 170 million people. It is a country divided with religion and ethnicity. The country is made up of both Muslims and ChristiansRead MoreConflict : The Boko Haram Insurgency1701 Words   |  7 PagesConflict: The Boko Haram Insurgency Type of Conflict: Hot war. Origins Boko Haram is the nickname for the group officially known in Arabic as Jama atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda awati Wal-Jihad--the People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet s Teachings and Jihad. Named by the Northern Nigerian Muslims and subsequently picked up by the press, the name Boko Haram translates to Western education is forbidden and is derived from the teachings of Mohammed Yusuf, the group s early leader, whoRead MoreA Brief Note On The Country Of Nigeria1584 Words   |  7 PagesThis has recently led to very violent acts of protest and the taking of thousands of innocent lives. These acts of terrorism by northern Nigerian Islam extremists are becoming much more frequent because of a rather newly created terrorist group, Boko Haram. The group is growing in power and most likely is not being shut down any time soon. There are many reasons for this, including many Nigerian citizens being in poverty, Nigeria’s corrupt government, and most crucial, religious conflict. NigeriaRead MoreBoko Haram : A Serious Problem1628 Words   |  7 Pagesbecome a serious problem to the nation. In recent times, several terror attacks have been mounted in major towns and cities spread across the country. The major religious terrorist group, Boko Haram, has caused chaos in these areas causing substantial damage in the regions over which they have gained control. Boko Haram militants have taken over a majority of the regions in the north and declared their own version of Islamic law. In the delta region sitting directly off the coast of Guinea, armed militantRead MoreThe Conflict Between The Muslims And The North1361 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Islamist militant group Boko Haram over the past five years are mind-boggling. According to estimates, 12,000 people have been killed, 8,000 thousand more have been injured or maimed, and thousands of innocent people have been displaced by the conflict. Even more worryingly, around half of those deaths have come in just the pa st year. Boko Haram rebels aim to make northern Nigeria an Islamic state. Borno, Yobe, and Adamawa states are the most affected by the Boko Haram insurgency. The entire residentRead MoreBoko Haram : Political System Essay1964 Words   |  8 PagesBoko Haram has been terrorizing Nigeria and surrounding countries for years, with noticeable increases in power over the last five years. Best estimates indicate that the Boko Haram insurgency rose to power in the 2000s with the goal of promoting strict adherence to Islamic Shari’a Law throughout Nigeria (Bussey, Chasse, Martin, 2016). The group found footing quickly; frustrations with the faulty political system and lack of economic and social development in northern Nigeria allowed the group toRead MoreIslam Extremism And Islamic Terrorism Essay1827 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Jama atu Ahl as-Sunnah li-Da awati wal-Jihad† (People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet s Teachings and Jihad) is also known as Boko Haram, which translates to â€Å"Western education is a sin† (Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, 2014). It is an extremist Islamic group who fights against the Nigeria state. It has become a global concern because of its acts that can be categorized as terrorism attack lately. The motive of its activities is to establish and expand the Islamic empireRead MoreTerrorism And Terrorist Organizations Across Different Continents1552 Words   |  7 Pagesand know terrorist groups have both been from the middle east, and worked together. The next terrorist group was widely known across the United States and Europe. Not from attacks done in these regions, but from attacks portrayed in Africa. The Boko Haram is based in northeastern Nigeria, Chad, Niger, and northern Cameroon. They are lead by Abubakar Shekau, who is associated with Al-Qaeda previous to March 2015, by pledging their allegiance to ISIL or the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. ThisRead MoreTerrorism : An Imper ative For Economic, Political And Military Solutions1321 Words   |  6 Pagesfailing economies, repression, corruption and religious sectarianism which have made it easy for terrorist groups to recruit and operate in Africa. These groups include the pseudo-Christian ‘Lord’s Resistance Army’ in Uganda, the extremist Islamic ‘Boko Haram’ in Nigeria whose most prominent attacks involved the use of a car bomb to demolish a UN compound in 2011 and the kidnapping of hundreds of school girls from a school in northern Nigeria. In the ensuing period the group has killed hundreds of otherRead MoreAn Outline Of Terrorist Threats During Africa With The End Goal Of Advising Counterterror Operations On The Continent2018 Words   |  9 Pagesradical Islamism, and anti-Americanism has produced a breeding ground for militancy. The most concentrated and organized terror threats in the region are composed of three main groups, al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), Al-Shabaab, and the Boko Haram. They are motivated primarily by Islamic extremism, but also by economic and political factors, and are regional actors, contributing to instability. Preconditions for Terrorism in the Region Safe Havens Terrorist safe havens exist in ungoverned

Learn How to Conjugate Réduire (to Reduce) in French

Rà ©diure  is the French verb that means to reduce. This should be pretty easy to remember because the English and French words are so similar. What happens when you want to say reduced or reducing? Thats when youll need to know  rà ©duires conjugations and this lesson will show you the basics. The Basic Conjugations of  Rà ©duire The French language gives us more forms of verbs to learn then we have in English. Thats because the verb changes with every subject pronoun within each tense. This means you more words to memorize. That is only one challenge in French verb conjugations, though. Words like  rà ©duire  pose another because they dont follow any of the normal rules.  Rà ©duire  is an  irregular verb, though all  French verbs ending in  -uire  are conjugated this way. To make this easier, consider studying a few at the same time. As with any conjugation, we begin with the verb stem. In this case, that is  rà ©dui-. From there, we add a variety of endings to match the tense with the subject pronoun. As an example,  je rà ©duis  means I am reducing while  nous rà ©duisions  means we reduced. Present Future Imperfect je rduis rduirai rduisais tu rduis rduiras rduisais il rduit rduira rduisait nous rduisons rduirons rduisions vous rduisez rduirez rduisiez ils rduisent rduiront rduisaient The Present Participle of  Rà ©duire The present participle of rà ©duire is also irregular in that it adds an - sant ending to the radical. This produces the word rà ©duisant. Rà ©duire  in the Compound Past Tense The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a compound past tense and its used often in French. It requires the  past participle  rà ©duit  along with the present tense conjugate of the auxiliary verb  avoir. This forms phrases such as  jai rà ©duit  for I reduced and  nous avons rà ©duit  for we reduced. More Simple Conjugations of  Rà ©duire There are a few more basic conjugations you may need of  rà ©duire  at times and each has its own usage. For example,  the subjunctive  questions whether the act of reducing took place. Similarly,  the conditional  says the reduction will only happen under certain conditions. The passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive  are literary tenses and found most often in formal writing. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je rduise rduirais rduisis rduisisse tu rduises rduirais rduisis rduisisses il rduise rduirait rduisit rduist nous rduisions rduirions rduismes rduisissions vous rduisiez rduiriez rduistes rduisissiez ils rduisent rduiraient rduisirent rduisissent For direct statements, commands, and requests when you dont want to mince words, you can use  the French imperative. When doing so, skip the subject pronoun, simplifying  tu rà ©duis  to  rà ©duis. Imperative (tu) rduis (nous) rduisons (vous) rduisez

The Renaissance And The Baroque Period - 1501 Words

Studying art throughout history shows how each time period built and reflected on the ones before it. While artists in some time periods create wildly different styles from the past, others reflect back on the styles and methods of the artists in times before them. The Renaissance is an excellent example of an era in which the art was a reflection of past methods, styles, and subject matter. We can see this through Michelangelo’s David. The Baroque period often had subjects similar to the Renaissance, such as the biblical piece Judith Decapitating Holofernes, but this period had a much different style. Artists of the Baroque period focused on theatric depictions with boldly colored pieces. Some Baroque artists did so through dramatic subject matter and others accomplished the signature style through only color and contrast. Young Woman with a Water Jug is an excellent example of the latter. Similar methods were used during the Romantic period, when artists created works with t he goal of evoking strong emotions. This can be seen in The Third of May. Realism artists had the opposite purpose, to present only what their eyes truly saw, which can be seen in The Stone Breakers. Impressionist artists defied realism, but focused on color, texture, and light, like the cathedral depicted in Monet’s Rouen Cathedral. Michelangelo Buonarroti’s David, is a beautiful, finely detailed marble statue. Each detail, from the muscle structure and veins beneath the marble skin to the thinkingShow MoreRelatedThe Baroque And The Renaissance Period947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Art period went through many different transitional phases to become what it is now, but the most famous of these phases are the Baroque and the Renaissance period. During the Renaissance saw the appearance of the â€Å"rebirth† of its country. the painters use realistic portrayals of nature and the human figure by artists that were inspired by the ancient Greek and Roman art and cult ure. However, during the Baroque creative phase,the artwork that seemed to be unrealistic, clear and produced manyRead MoreThe Renaissance, Baroque, And Rococo Periods1139 Words   |  5 Pageshistory beginning in the 1400’s to the mid-1700’s which we identify in art history as The Renaissance, Baroque, and Rococo periods. Focusing on the influence new scientific knowledge had in the art produced during this time with specific examples from each period and artists of the time. Keywords: Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Art, History, Science, Knowledge The Renaissance Beginning with the Renaissance (1400-1600) we see a change in the subject matter being portrayed by artists of the timeRead MoreThe Renaissance Period And Artemisia Gentileschi Of The Baroque Period2173 Words   |  9 Pagesin fact lead and contributed to by men, especially in the Renaissance and Baroque period. Even though art as a profession in these time periods was dominated by male artists, female artists did, in fact, make significant contributions to their respective art movements. This paper will discuss and compare the lives and works of two Italian painters: Sofonisba Anguissola of the Renaissance period and Artemisia Gentileschi of the Baroque period. Sofonisba Anguissola Sofonisba Anguissola was born betweenRead MoreTime Capsules from Renaissance and Baroque Periods1172 Words   |  5 PagesFor almost two years, we have been in search of what we believed were time capsules, hidden away between the years of 1400, when the Renaissance period started, and 1750 which marks the end of the Baroque period. We are pleased to announce that our nearly twenty-four year search has ended in the discovery of two such capsules. Each of these capsules contains information, vital to the understanding of past cultures and their origins, and necessary to the development of culture today. In whatRead MoreArt Analysis: Renaissance Period vs. Italian Baroque1461 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluence of their background which has a direct impact on the work of Art that they produce. In this paper, we will try to develop an understanding regarding the difference that exist between a work that was developed in the Renaissance Period and one that came out in the Italian Baroque. The paper will try to find the ground on which they coincide and those on which they differ from each other. The Money Changer and his Wife, 1514 Artist: Quentin Massy: Quentin Massays has been considered as oneRead MoreTime Capsules from the Renaissance and Baroque Time Periods Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesTwo time capsules were found during renovations of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence. One time capsule dates back to the Renaissance time period. Artifacts in this time capsule included a painting of The Birth of Venus, a lute, drawing of the Florence Cathedral’s dome, and a book called The Decameron. The second time capsule had artifacts from the Baroque time period. Artifacts in this time capsule included a painting of The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, a stage painting in an operaRead MoreComparison/Contrast Renaisssance and Baroque Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesThe baroque and renaissance periods are two different periods. The renaissance period rolled into the baroque era. There were changes made over the years from the baroque to the renaissance period. Differences in style accumulated along with views of art and mus ic. Baroque era covers the period between 1600 and 1750 beginning with Monte Verdi (birth of opera) and ended with deaths of Bach and Handel. The term baroque music is borrowed from the art history. It follows the Renaissance era (1400-1600)Read MoreHumanities Essay959 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance and Baroque periods in European history played an important role in the development of humanities in their respectable age. During these periods it established a time of rebirth in humanisms and improvement of cultural accomplishments. The Renaissance period provided artistic freedom and individualism. It began around the 14th century in Italy and spread throughout Europe until the 16th century. Renaissance means â€Å"rebirth† and humanism of the renaissance artist was to express themselvesRead MoreWgu Iwt1 Task 11405 Words   |  6 PagesCONCEPTS, METHODS, MODES IN THE HUMANITIES – Task 1 A1 - Renaissance The Renaissance period began in Italy around 1300 and spread throughout Europe during the 1400 and 1500’s. This period signified the beginning path to incredible change in customs, ways of life and institutions that had existed in Europe for almost a thousand years. Many of the new ideas of this period still influence our lives today. The beginning of this period the European countryside was broken up into large estatesRead MoreEssay on Renaisssance versus Baroque Periods967 Words   |  4 Pages The baroque and renaissance periods are two different periods. The renaissance period rolled into the baroque era. There were changes made over the years from the baroque to the renaissance period. Differences in style accumulated along with views of art and music. Baroque era covers the period between 1600 and 1750 beginning with Monte Verdi (birth of opera) and ended with deaths of Bach and Handel. The term baroque music is borrowed from the art history. It follows the Renaissance era (1400-1600)

XYZ Energy for Organizational Change Models- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss abut theXYZ Energy for Organizational Change Models. Answer: Introduction Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior is the study that explores and scrutinizes the structure of the organization that has an impact on the behavior of staff within the organization (Gl?veanu 2008). Adhikari (2003) defines organizational behavior as the study that examines the behavior of a person or group of persons within an organization. The study assists to examine and analyze the emotions, attitudes towards work, job satisfaction, motivation of employees (Adhikari, 2003) The acquisition of the larger company Big Energy to smaller company XYZ Energy caused many issues. This study purposes to understand the impact of the acquisition by evaluating the various issues faced by the staff pertaining values, behavior and attitude. Values Values are beliefs held and under ones control. Values vary from one organization to another and also from one individual to another. Values are the crucial foundation of every business organization whether the organization is aware of it or not (Middleton 2002). A companys values are what is important to that company, what the company strives to accomplish every day. In most cases, the values tend to revolve around how the company interacts with the customers and employees. Through this interaction, the business is able to motivate or influence behavior and highlight how each employee should approach the work ethos (Biswas 2009). The two companies Big Energy and XYZ companies did not blend or complement between the employees and supervisors that consequently impacted the interpersonal relationships and ultimately influenced the managerial effectiveness. The assimilation of the organizations severely affected the employees as their advancement and growth was at stake and therefore their morale was at its lowest. Therefore, when Sally Johnson intervened seeking a solution by arguing to the senior management to reconsider their decision to integrate Big Energy, was pointless because the employees had already started to leave. Big Energy management was unable to effectively manage the integration process causing the employees of XYZ Energy to resign yet they had contributed immensely to the growth of XYZ enabling it to reach where it was today. Organizational Culture Organizational culture is another crucial aspect in the growth and expansion of an organization (Schermerhorn et. al. 2000). The culture helps the managers and administrators of an organization to determine who to employ by hiring a suitable person to fit well within the criteria and standards in accordance with the organization policy (Ujjainia, n.d.). Culture will require the employees new or old to fit into the ways and methods of the organization. The organization will be looking at people with similar values and those who will fit in well to the environment of the organization. For example, if the companys core value revolves around particular religious beliefs such as Muslim, it is highly unlikely that the organization will employ a Christian or Indian in the organization. Organizational behavior significantly depends on the organizational culture (Schermerhorn et. al. 2000). A corporate or organizational culture depends largely on the behavior of the organization. XYZ Energy had a culture that can be matched with Scheins behavior model that puts emphasis on three main aspects of an organizational culture. The case study reveals that XYZ company had its own culture which the staff had adapted. The management team seemed to work well with staff members who outwardly showed their respect to them. The relationship between the leaders and staff was more of democratic rather than autocratic. The employees contributions were respected too and appreciated which can be depicted in the Scheins behavior model. Models According to Edgar Schein, an organization culture is created with time not within one day. Employees undergo changes including adapting to the external environment and hurdles, including solving issues. These experiences enable the employees to form practices that are repeated day by day thus creating or forming the organization culture. The new employees also adapt to the organization culture and work harmoniously without strain or stress (Robbins 2001).Schein believed that an organization culture had three levels. Artifacts: this is the organizational characteristics that can be seen or identified easily such as code of dress, mission and vision, office facilities and furniture and general behavior of employees. Values: these are stated values, the attitude and thought process of the employees (El-Katsha 2002). XYZ were experts and professional in their job. They had a competition value that was based on merit but after the integration, the employees lost morale. McGregors Theory X and Y in which McGregors describes X and Y as two extremes where X naturally dislike their job and will take every opportunity to avoid it (Card et. al. 2011). Theory Y on the other hand according to McGregor describes the motivation aspect of employees stating that employees can either work efficiently or dislike work depending on the conditions found at the work place. Work could either be a satisfaction or punishment source. After absorption and on seeing some employees leave the organization, Big Energy should have investigated to determine whether the XYZ employees were X kind of people or Y with regard to McGregors theory. Big Energy should then put in place ways to amend the situation so that the employees morale would improve. Assumed values: these are behaviors that cannot be measured, implanted yet make a difference to the organization culture (Gordon 2003). Some facts and beliefs stay concealed but affect the organization culture. The deep human aspects for example, females in an organization do not believe in sitting in late while men would be comfortable with such an arrangement. The organization may well understand such practices and follow them though not spelt out or discussed openly but the employees understand them. Human Resource The essential factor of any organization is human resource because they constitute the inner social system of the organization (Bottom and Kong 2010). The employees established the organization and without them an organization would not exist. Through them the organization is able to achieve its objectives. The human resource of an organization is a crucial factor that must not be ignored. After the integration, things have taken a twist, and the employees of XYZ feel demotivated. During acquisitions, cultures of both companies are blended to create an environment that can either strengthen or destabilize an organization (Ajzen 2011). Big Energy did not recognize the organization behavior of XYZ, or if they did, they did not care to blend with their companys. The two companies are struggling to identify the model of the two companies, XYZ being most affected because the managers of Big Energy overlook their plight. The behavioral patterns can deeply affect the overall performance of the organization if not looked into earnestly. Big Energy should have brought positive influence to XYZ and assist the employees of XYZ to adopt the behaviors of the Big Company so that they could feel embraced into the new system thus working towards the betterment of the companys future. After some employees left the organization, Big Energy failed to look into the issue around their exit and to listen to their sentiments in a bid to rectify the problem with the remaining employees. The management did not exercise their conceptual skills thus ignoring the various models given by theorists on organizational behavior. In the acquisition, Big Energy only used competitive advantage to earn more profits. It was more concerned with the speed at which the company would be acquired than the quality of the acquisition. Thus, the process they used to integrate XYZ did not acquire the operation processes and systems which ended in demotivating the staff of the remaining organization. Recommendations Interdependence and organization of systems is essential for any organization to acquire employee job satisfaction and higher profits (Bailey, 2007). Big Energy should enhance the morale of the employees by using managerial strategies. After integration, the morale of XYZ employees deteriorated, Big Energy should portray the correct behavior and high value system. To achieve its goals, Big Energy should integrate the human resource with other resources to enable it achieve its goals. Big Energy, did not pay attention to human resource but only looked at the integration process. It should start by understanding the culture, structure and nature of XYZ and then take appropriate decisions (Hargreaves 2011). Some models that Big Energy should adopt in the integration process include: System Model: this model core factor is trust and self-motivation thereafter assisting to improve the performance and results of employees in an organization (Harms 2008). This model is ideal in the acquisition because employees will not wait to be supervised. Rather, they will work with zeal towards achieving the goals of the company. Collegial Model: this model requires that employees and management work together supportively and accomplish their goals (Buelens 2011). Team work is encouraged in this model as everyone is geared towards achieving the goal thence will have the will, responsibility and energy towards work. Big Energy can adopt this Model. Supportive Model: this model entirely depends on the managers or leaders who should support the juniors to achieve their goals. For example, Big Energy managers should have supported the XYZ remaining employees to perform better in their jobs. Conclusion The models outlined above will assist Big Energy to work towards a successful integration that will encourage employees of XYZ to remain in the company and perform their duties better. However, the challenge that will face Big Energy will be to choose the preferred model that will best suit the situation at hand. The company needs to mingle with the employees, discern and consider the best approach to adopt to attain best results (Hiriyappa 2009). Reference List ADHIKARI, H. (2003). Organizational Change Models, A Comparison.SSRN Journal. AJZEN, I. (2011). The theory of planned behaviour: reactions and reflections.Psychology and health,26(9), 1113-1127. BAILEY, C. (2007).A guide to qualitative field research. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Pine Forge Press. BISWAS, S. (2009). Impact of Interaction between Organizational Culture and Organizational Structure on HR Practices.Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation, 5(2), pp.102-108. BUELENS, M. (2011).Organisational Behaviour. London: McGraw-Hill Education. CARD, D. AND GIULIANO, L. (2011).Peer effects and multiple equilibria in the risky behavior of friends. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. EL-KATSHA, S. and WATTS, S. (2002).Gender, behavior, and health. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. GL?VEANU, V. (2008). Research Methods in Social Psychology, A Comparative Analysis. EuropesJournal of Psychology, 4(1). GORDON, J. (2003).Pfeiffers classic activities for developing leaders. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer. HARGREAVES, T. (2011). Practice-ing behaviour change: Applying social practice theory to pro-environmental behaviour change.Journal of Consumer Culture,11(1), 79-99. HIRIYAPPA, B. (2009).Organizational behavior. New Delhi: New Age International. MIDDLETON, J. (2002).Organizational behavior. Oxford, U.K, Capstone Pub. ROBBINS, S. (2001).Organizational behavior. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. UJJAINIA, G. (n.d.). Personality, Attitude, Power and Politics Affecting Organisational Behavior.SSRN Journal.