Learn How to Conjugate Réduire (to Reduce) in French

Rà ©diure  is the French verb that means to reduce. This should be pretty easy to remember because the English and French words are so similar. What happens when you want to say reduced or reducing? Thats when youll need to know  rà ©duires conjugations and this lesson will show you the basics. The Basic Conjugations of  Rà ©duire The French language gives us more forms of verbs to learn then we have in English. Thats because the verb changes with every subject pronoun within each tense. This means you more words to memorize. That is only one challenge in French verb conjugations, though. Words like  rà ©duire  pose another because they dont follow any of the normal rules.  Rà ©duire  is an  irregular verb, though all  French verbs ending in  -uire  are conjugated this way. To make this easier, consider studying a few at the same time. As with any conjugation, we begin with the verb stem. In this case, that is  rà ©dui-. From there, we add a variety of endings to match the tense with the subject pronoun. As an example,  je rà ©duis  means I am reducing while  nous rà ©duisions  means we reduced. Present Future Imperfect je rduis rduirai rduisais tu rduis rduiras rduisais il rduit rduira rduisait nous rduisons rduirons rduisions vous rduisez rduirez rduisiez ils rduisent rduiront rduisaient The Present Participle of  Rà ©duire The present participle of rà ©duire is also irregular in that it adds an - sant ending to the radical. This produces the word rà ©duisant. Rà ©duire  in the Compound Past Tense The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a compound past tense and its used often in French. It requires the  past participle  rà ©duit  along with the present tense conjugate of the auxiliary verb  avoir. This forms phrases such as  jai rà ©duit  for I reduced and  nous avons rà ©duit  for we reduced. More Simple Conjugations of  Rà ©duire There are a few more basic conjugations you may need of  rà ©duire  at times and each has its own usage. For example,  the subjunctive  questions whether the act of reducing took place. Similarly,  the conditional  says the reduction will only happen under certain conditions. The passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive  are literary tenses and found most often in formal writing. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je rduise rduirais rduisis rduisisse tu rduises rduirais rduisis rduisisses il rduise rduirait rduisit rduist nous rduisions rduirions rduismes rduisissions vous rduisiez rduiriez rduistes rduisissiez ils rduisent rduiraient rduisirent rduisissent For direct statements, commands, and requests when you dont want to mince words, you can use  the French imperative. When doing so, skip the subject pronoun, simplifying  tu rà ©duis  to  rà ©duis. Imperative (tu) rduis (nous) rduisons (vous) rduisez

The Renaissance And The Baroque Period - 1501 Words

Studying art throughout history shows how each time period built and reflected on the ones before it. While artists in some time periods create wildly different styles from the past, others reflect back on the styles and methods of the artists in times before them. The Renaissance is an excellent example of an era in which the art was a reflection of past methods, styles, and subject matter. We can see this through Michelangelo’s David. The Baroque period often had subjects similar to the Renaissance, such as the biblical piece Judith Decapitating Holofernes, but this period had a much different style. Artists of the Baroque period focused on theatric depictions with boldly colored pieces. Some Baroque artists did so through dramatic subject matter and others accomplished the signature style through only color and contrast. Young Woman with a Water Jug is an excellent example of the latter. Similar methods were used during the Romantic period, when artists created works with t he goal of evoking strong emotions. This can be seen in The Third of May. Realism artists had the opposite purpose, to present only what their eyes truly saw, which can be seen in The Stone Breakers. Impressionist artists defied realism, but focused on color, texture, and light, like the cathedral depicted in Monet’s Rouen Cathedral. Michelangelo Buonarroti’s David, is a beautiful, finely detailed marble statue. Each detail, from the muscle structure and veins beneath the marble skin to the thinkingShow MoreRelatedThe Baroque And The Renaissance Period947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Art period went through many different transitional phases to become what it is now, but the most famous of these phases are the Baroque and the Renaissance period. During the Renaissance saw the appearance of the â€Å"rebirth† of its country. the painters use realistic portrayals of nature and the human figure by artists that were inspired by the ancient Greek and Roman art and cult ure. However, during the Baroque creative phase,the artwork that seemed to be unrealistic, clear and produced manyRead MoreThe Renaissance, Baroque, And Rococo Periods1139 Words   |  5 Pageshistory beginning in the 1400’s to the mid-1700’s which we identify in art history as The Renaissance, Baroque, and Rococo periods. Focusing on the influence new scientific knowledge had in the art produced during this time with specific examples from each period and artists of the time. Keywords: Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Art, History, Science, Knowledge The Renaissance Beginning with the Renaissance (1400-1600) we see a change in the subject matter being portrayed by artists of the timeRead MoreThe Renaissance Period And Artemisia Gentileschi Of The Baroque Period2173 Words   |  9 Pagesin fact lead and contributed to by men, especially in the Renaissance and Baroque period. Even though art as a profession in these time periods was dominated by male artists, female artists did, in fact, make significant contributions to their respective art movements. This paper will discuss and compare the lives and works of two Italian painters: Sofonisba Anguissola of the Renaissance period and Artemisia Gentileschi of the Baroque period. 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In this paper, we will try to develop an understanding regarding the difference that exist between a work that was developed in the Renaissance Period and one that came out in the Italian Baroque. The paper will try to find the ground on which they coincide and those on which they differ from each other. The Money Changer and his Wife, 1514 Artist: Quentin Massy: Quentin Massays has been considered as oneRead MoreTime Capsules from the Renaissance and Baroque Time Periods Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesTwo time capsules were found during renovations of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence. One time capsule dates back to the Renaissance time period. Artifacts in this time capsule included a painting of The Birth of Venus, a lute, drawing of the Florence Cathedral’s dome, and a book called The Decameron. The second time capsule had artifacts from the Baroque time period. Artifacts in this time capsule included a painting of The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, a stage painting in an operaRead MoreComparison/Contrast Renaisssance and Baroque Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesThe baroque and renaissance periods are two different periods. The renaissance period rolled into the baroque era. There were changes made over the years from the baroque to the renaissance period. Differences in style accumulated along with views of art and mus ic. Baroque era covers the period between 1600 and 1750 beginning with Monte Verdi (birth of opera) and ended with deaths of Bach and Handel. The term baroque music is borrowed from the art history. It follows the Renaissance era (1400-1600)Read MoreHumanities Essay959 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance and Baroque periods in European history played an important role in the development of humanities in their respectable age. During these periods it established a time of rebirth in humanisms and improvement of cultural accomplishments. The Renaissance period provided artistic freedom and individualism. It began around the 14th century in Italy and spread throughout Europe until the 16th century. Renaissance means â€Å"rebirth† and humanism of the renaissance artist was to express themselvesRead MoreWgu Iwt1 Task 11405 Words   |  6 PagesCONCEPTS, METHODS, MODES IN THE HUMANITIES – Task 1 A1 - Renaissance The Renaissance period began in Italy around 1300 and spread throughout Europe during the 1400 and 1500’s. This period signified the beginning path to incredible change in customs, ways of life and institutions that had existed in Europe for almost a thousand years. Many of the new ideas of this period still influence our lives today. The beginning of this period the European countryside was broken up into large estatesRead MoreEssay on Renaisssance versus Baroque Periods967 Words   |  4 Pages The baroque and renaissance periods are two different periods. The renaissance period rolled into the baroque era. There were changes made over the years from the baroque to the renaissance period. Differences in style accumulated along with views of art and music. Baroque era covers the period between 1600 and 1750 beginning with Monte Verdi (birth of opera) and ended with deaths of Bach and Handel. The term baroque music is borrowed from the art history. It follows the Renaissance era (1400-1600)

XYZ Energy for Organizational Change Models- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss abut theXYZ Energy for Organizational Change Models. Answer: Introduction Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior is the study that explores and scrutinizes the structure of the organization that has an impact on the behavior of staff within the organization (Gl?veanu 2008). Adhikari (2003) defines organizational behavior as the study that examines the behavior of a person or group of persons within an organization. The study assists to examine and analyze the emotions, attitudes towards work, job satisfaction, motivation of employees (Adhikari, 2003) The acquisition of the larger company Big Energy to smaller company XYZ Energy caused many issues. This study purposes to understand the impact of the acquisition by evaluating the various issues faced by the staff pertaining values, behavior and attitude. Values Values are beliefs held and under ones control. Values vary from one organization to another and also from one individual to another. Values are the crucial foundation of every business organization whether the organization is aware of it or not (Middleton 2002). A companys values are what is important to that company, what the company strives to accomplish every day. In most cases, the values tend to revolve around how the company interacts with the customers and employees. Through this interaction, the business is able to motivate or influence behavior and highlight how each employee should approach the work ethos (Biswas 2009). The two companies Big Energy and XYZ companies did not blend or complement between the employees and supervisors that consequently impacted the interpersonal relationships and ultimately influenced the managerial effectiveness. The assimilation of the organizations severely affected the employees as their advancement and growth was at stake and therefore their morale was at its lowest. Therefore, when Sally Johnson intervened seeking a solution by arguing to the senior management to reconsider their decision to integrate Big Energy, was pointless because the employees had already started to leave. Big Energy management was unable to effectively manage the integration process causing the employees of XYZ Energy to resign yet they had contributed immensely to the growth of XYZ enabling it to reach where it was today. Organizational Culture Organizational culture is another crucial aspect in the growth and expansion of an organization (Schermerhorn et. al. 2000). The culture helps the managers and administrators of an organization to determine who to employ by hiring a suitable person to fit well within the criteria and standards in accordance with the organization policy (Ujjainia, n.d.). Culture will require the employees new or old to fit into the ways and methods of the organization. The organization will be looking at people with similar values and those who will fit in well to the environment of the organization. For example, if the companys core value revolves around particular religious beliefs such as Muslim, it is highly unlikely that the organization will employ a Christian or Indian in the organization. Organizational behavior significantly depends on the organizational culture (Schermerhorn et. al. 2000). A corporate or organizational culture depends largely on the behavior of the organization. XYZ Energy had a culture that can be matched with Scheins behavior model that puts emphasis on three main aspects of an organizational culture. The case study reveals that XYZ company had its own culture which the staff had adapted. The management team seemed to work well with staff members who outwardly showed their respect to them. The relationship between the leaders and staff was more of democratic rather than autocratic. The employees contributions were respected too and appreciated which can be depicted in the Scheins behavior model. Models According to Edgar Schein, an organization culture is created with time not within one day. Employees undergo changes including adapting to the external environment and hurdles, including solving issues. These experiences enable the employees to form practices that are repeated day by day thus creating or forming the organization culture. The new employees also adapt to the organization culture and work harmoniously without strain or stress (Robbins 2001).Schein believed that an organization culture had three levels. Artifacts: this is the organizational characteristics that can be seen or identified easily such as code of dress, mission and vision, office facilities and furniture and general behavior of employees. Values: these are stated values, the attitude and thought process of the employees (El-Katsha 2002). XYZ were experts and professional in their job. They had a competition value that was based on merit but after the integration, the employees lost morale. McGregors Theory X and Y in which McGregors describes X and Y as two extremes where X naturally dislike their job and will take every opportunity to avoid it (Card et. al. 2011). Theory Y on the other hand according to McGregor describes the motivation aspect of employees stating that employees can either work efficiently or dislike work depending on the conditions found at the work place. Work could either be a satisfaction or punishment source. After absorption and on seeing some employees leave the organization, Big Energy should have investigated to determine whether the XYZ employees were X kind of people or Y with regard to McGregors theory. Big Energy should then put in place ways to amend the situation so that the employees morale would improve. Assumed values: these are behaviors that cannot be measured, implanted yet make a difference to the organization culture (Gordon 2003). Some facts and beliefs stay concealed but affect the organization culture. The deep human aspects for example, females in an organization do not believe in sitting in late while men would be comfortable with such an arrangement. The organization may well understand such practices and follow them though not spelt out or discussed openly but the employees understand them. Human Resource The essential factor of any organization is human resource because they constitute the inner social system of the organization (Bottom and Kong 2010). The employees established the organization and without them an organization would not exist. Through them the organization is able to achieve its objectives. The human resource of an organization is a crucial factor that must not be ignored. After the integration, things have taken a twist, and the employees of XYZ feel demotivated. During acquisitions, cultures of both companies are blended to create an environment that can either strengthen or destabilize an organization (Ajzen 2011). Big Energy did not recognize the organization behavior of XYZ, or if they did, they did not care to blend with their companys. The two companies are struggling to identify the model of the two companies, XYZ being most affected because the managers of Big Energy overlook their plight. The behavioral patterns can deeply affect the overall performance of the organization if not looked into earnestly. Big Energy should have brought positive influence to XYZ and assist the employees of XYZ to adopt the behaviors of the Big Company so that they could feel embraced into the new system thus working towards the betterment of the companys future. After some employees left the organization, Big Energy failed to look into the issue around their exit and to listen to their sentiments in a bid to rectify the problem with the remaining employees. The management did not exercise their conceptual skills thus ignoring the various models given by theorists on organizational behavior. In the acquisition, Big Energy only used competitive advantage to earn more profits. It was more concerned with the speed at which the company would be acquired than the quality of the acquisition. Thus, the process they used to integrate XYZ did not acquire the operation processes and systems which ended in demotivating the staff of the remaining organization. Recommendations Interdependence and organization of systems is essential for any organization to acquire employee job satisfaction and higher profits (Bailey, 2007). Big Energy should enhance the morale of the employees by using managerial strategies. After integration, the morale of XYZ employees deteriorated, Big Energy should portray the correct behavior and high value system. To achieve its goals, Big Energy should integrate the human resource with other resources to enable it achieve its goals. Big Energy, did not pay attention to human resource but only looked at the integration process. It should start by understanding the culture, structure and nature of XYZ and then take appropriate decisions (Hargreaves 2011). Some models that Big Energy should adopt in the integration process include: System Model: this model core factor is trust and self-motivation thereafter assisting to improve the performance and results of employees in an organization (Harms 2008). This model is ideal in the acquisition because employees will not wait to be supervised. Rather, they will work with zeal towards achieving the goals of the company. Collegial Model: this model requires that employees and management work together supportively and accomplish their goals (Buelens 2011). Team work is encouraged in this model as everyone is geared towards achieving the goal thence will have the will, responsibility and energy towards work. Big Energy can adopt this Model. Supportive Model: this model entirely depends on the managers or leaders who should support the juniors to achieve their goals. For example, Big Energy managers should have supported the XYZ remaining employees to perform better in their jobs. Conclusion The models outlined above will assist Big Energy to work towards a successful integration that will encourage employees of XYZ to remain in the company and perform their duties better. However, the challenge that will face Big Energy will be to choose the preferred model that will best suit the situation at hand. The company needs to mingle with the employees, discern and consider the best approach to adopt to attain best results (Hiriyappa 2009). Reference List ADHIKARI, H. (2003). Organizational Change Models, A Comparison.SSRN Journal. AJZEN, I. (2011). The theory of planned behaviour: reactions and reflections.Psychology and health,26(9), 1113-1127. BAILEY, C. (2007).A guide to qualitative field research. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Pine Forge Press. BISWAS, S. (2009). Impact of Interaction between Organizational Culture and Organizational Structure on HR Practices.Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation, 5(2), pp.102-108. BUELENS, M. (2011).Organisational Behaviour. London: McGraw-Hill Education. CARD, D. AND GIULIANO, L. (2011).Peer effects and multiple equilibria in the risky behavior of friends. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. EL-KATSHA, S. and WATTS, S. (2002).Gender, behavior, and health. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. GL?VEANU, V. (2008). Research Methods in Social Psychology, A Comparative Analysis. EuropesJournal of Psychology, 4(1). GORDON, J. (2003).Pfeiffers classic activities for developing leaders. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer. HARGREAVES, T. (2011). Practice-ing behaviour change: Applying social practice theory to pro-environmental behaviour change.Journal of Consumer Culture,11(1), 79-99. HIRIYAPPA, B. (2009).Organizational behavior. New Delhi: New Age International. MIDDLETON, J. (2002).Organizational behavior. Oxford, U.K, Capstone Pub. ROBBINS, S. (2001).Organizational behavior. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. UJJAINIA, G. (n.d.). Personality, Attitude, Power and Politics Affecting Organisational Behavior.SSRN Journal.

Do you see sexuality as a biological given or Essay Example

Do you see sexuality as a biological given or Essay Make you see gender as a biological given or as a societal building? Critically reflect upon your place. ( 2220/ 2000 ) Introduction In the 19th century biological accounts for gender became ascendent over the old theological 1s ( Kimmel, 2000: 22 ) . In some respects such accounts match our common sense’ apprehension of human gender, for after all is non sexuality finally the concern of biological science and reproduction? However, it is every bit true that the medical professions have played an of import function in the subjugation of homosexualism ( Marshall, 1983: 165 ) . In the first subdivision I explore the biological account of gender, demoing that such an attack is unequal at explicating human gender and the manner that it changes historically. In the 2nd subdivision I examine the statement that gender is in fact a societal building: that gender is learned behavior. In the decision, I sound a note of cautiousness, reasoning that, following Connell ( 2002 ) , what is needed is a manner of speculating gender, and more specifically gender, which includes both the societal and biological dimensions. We will write a custom essay sample on Do you see sexuality as a biological given or specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Do you see sexuality as a biological given or specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Do you see sexuality as a biological given or specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Sexuality as a Biological Given In this subdivision I explore biological accounts of gender, particularly within depth psychology. An illustration is found in the work of Marie Bonaparte ( in Thompson, 2003 ) . Marie Bonaparte ( 1882-1962 ) , a member of the ( in ) celebrated Bonaparte household, was a patient of Freud in the 1920s and 1930s. Following her analysis she developed a complex, though non needfully coherent ( Thompson, 2003: 366 ) , theory of female gender. For Freud anatomy is destiny ( in Kimmel, 2000: 21 ) , therefore within Freudian depth psychology a woman’s gender is finally the consequence of her deficiency of Phallus ( see Marshall, 1983 ) . [ 1 ] Following Freud, Bonaparte argued that female gender is a consequence of women’s passiveness and biological sensitivity to trouble: †¦woman is biologically doomed to endure [ †¦ ] and she can make nil but submit passively to the government prescribed’ ( Bonaparte in Thompson, 2003: 357 ) . Further, Bonaparte argued that t he manner in which a woman’s anatomy is ordered determines her titillating life: that the intimacy of the button and vagina reflect the androgyny inherent in every woman’ ( Thompson, 2003: 357 ) . For Bonaparte, if a adult female becomes fixated on her button, experience’s clitoric climaxs, she demonstrates her inadaptation to function’ ( Bonaparte in Thompson, 2003: 364 ) , and finally becomes a renouncer’ who abandons hope of happening love ( Thompson, 2003: 35 ) . If she remains fixated on both her button and her vagina, she becomes a claimer’ , and therefore denies world and is caught in a struggle between her sadistic ( male ) and inactive ( female ) gender ( Ibid. p. 364 ) . If she is alternatively fixated on her vagina, she becomes an acceptive’ or a true woman’ as she no longer wants for a phallus, but alternatively wants for a kid ( Ibid. p. 359 ) . A normal’ gender is therefore the consequence of lone vaginal c limax and a desire for kids. For Bonaparte, any account of human gender has as its base the biological reality’ . Such an attack to human gender is non confined to historical beginnings, a speedy study of modern-day psychological science reveals a similar procedure: for illustration a recent article on human gender argues that four differences are apparent between male and female gender: that work forces show more involvement in sex ( Peplau, 2003: 37 ) ; that adult females emphasize committed dealingss as the proper context for sex, whereas work forces are more permissive towards insouciant sex ( Ibid. pp. 37-8 ) ; that aggression plays a larger function in male gender ( Peplau, 2003: 38 ) ; and eventually, that women’s gender is more easy altered by cultural and situational factors ( Ibid. ) . Although this study was based on the respondents ain perceptual experiences, this did non forestall the writer from reasoning that an adequate understanding [ of gender ] may necessitate separate analyses o f gender in adult females and work forces, based on the uniquebiological scienceand life experiences of each sex’ ( Ibid. p. 39, accent added ) . Early on societal scientists relied to a great extent on the usage of science’ to legalize their subjects, and so besides relied on biological accounts ( Kimmel, 2000: 23 ) . However, Emily Martin ( 1991 ) demonstrates that the facts’ of biological science have non merely been interpreted though a cultural lens, these facts have beenmade to suitwith culturally dominant ideals of male and female gender: the egg is perceived to be inactive, the sperm active ( Martin, 1991: 489 ) ; [ 2 ] social imagery’ is mapped onto the gametes, giving them male and female personalities, so as to put a steadfast footing for reimporting precisely that same imagination asnatural accounts of societal phenomena’ ( Ibid. p. 500, accent added ) . Further, if we except such accounts how can we so explain they manner in which gender has changed historically? Relatively recent developments in human gender, such as the development of homosexualism as a signifier of individuality ( Ma rshall, 1983: 167 ) can non be explained by biological science. Finally, whilst our perceptual experience of the sexes is dichotomous, the world of biological science is non: there may really be every bit many as five sexes, including the inter-sexed ( Connell, 2002: 29 ; 36 ) . Such a disparity has led many to see alternatively the societal beginning of both gender and gender. Sexuality as a Social Construction In this subdivision I examine the work of Salvatore Cucchiari ( 1981 ) , who argued that gender must alternatively be seen as a societal building ; that instead than being the consequence of biological science, human gender must be regarded as portion of the societal building of gender’ . Early efforts to explicate gender as a societal building were to be found in sex-role theory, where gender is learned during the procedure of socialisation ( Charles, 2003: 2 ) . Aberrance from normal’ gender, such as homosexualism, would therefore be a consequence of a failure’ in socialisation ( Connell, 1987: 49 in Charles, 2003: 2 ) . By the 1970s, the impact of second-wave feminism had led many theoreticians to situate a differentiation between sex’ and gender’ ( Connell, 2002: 33 ) . Cucchiari ( 1981 ) , pulling on this development, conducted an interesting thought experiment’ in which he attempts to logically infer the development of gender and gender in pre-history. In a complex and disputing article his attack may be divided into cardinal phases: foremost he postulates a crude society without gender dealingss ; next, he imagines how such a society would run: who would look after the kids, who would run etc ; 3rd, he outlines the manner that gender would subsequently develop in such a society. Cucchiari imagines a pre-gender universe which is functionally divided into those who look after the kids ( Child Tenders ) and those who look for nutrient ( Foragers ) ( Cucchiari, 1981: 41 ) . Membership of these groups is unstable, non ascribed, alterations over clip and is democratic and Unitarian ( Ibid. p. 42-50 ) : therefore he imagines aspacial, instead than a sexual, division. In this imagined pre-gender society, gender is both bisexual and unrestrained’ and physical differences between the sexes are unimportant ( Ibid. p.45 ) . Subsequently, as portion of the demand to develop ties with other bisexual hosts, groups begin to interchange kids ( Cucchiari, 1981: 50 ) . Later a crisis develops between the unitarian political orientation [ †¦ ] and the biological dissymmetry or exclusivity of proto-women’s ability to hold and suckle children’ ( Ibid. ) . This is ab initio resolved by consecrating adult females, taking to the hypostatization of the physi cal characteristics associated with reproduction – the chest and genitalias – but finally, as this entails a negative definition of proto-man, [ 3 ] the two functions become reciprocally sole and adult females are no longer worshipped ( Ibid. p. 51 ) . Alternatively, the adult females entirely look after the kids, while the work forces Hunt and competition within gender-related activities – and all activities are now circumscribed by the gender duality – tends to reenforce and lucubrate the very significances of maleness and femininity’ ( Ibid. p. 57 ) : the gender revolution has occurred. Following this gender revolution is thesexualrevolution ; as a consequence of the competition between members of the same sex, work forces as huntsmans and adult females as kid carriers, sexual attraction assumes a new importance ( Ibid. pp. 56-48 ) , and the sex that produces kids,heterosexual sex, becomes more extremely valued and finally requires societal cont rol, or countenances ( Ibid. p. 58 ) . Finally, the exchange of kids easy develops into the exchange of adult females and therefore represents the exercising of laterality by some grownup members of the community over other grownups [ †¦ ] repairing the position of adult females as objects’ ( Ibid. p. 62 ) . Cucchiari’s attack is debatable ; foremost, it is to a great extent reliant on Freudian depth psychology ( Ibid. pp. 46-48 ) , which I discredited earlier for its covert trust on biological science: he posits the development of gender hierarchy as the consequence of asocietaloedipal crisis. However, Cucchiari argues that Freud’s theory allows the possibility that humanity ( past and hereafter ) need non take between the dictatorship of venereal primacy or the lawlessness of childish bisexuality’ , but alternatively take an intermediate sexual form’ : a non-repressive gender ( Cucchiari, 1981: 48 ) . Second, despite his averments that this is a mere thought experiment, he does try to back up his statement with mention to the archeological record ( Ibid. pp. 63-69 ) , so he argues that this procedure occurred in the Upper Palaeolithic period ( 35,000 B.C. to 12,000 B.C ) and is supported by the archeological stuff: The form of symbolic look of gender constructs during this era closely follows that in the theoretical account: an initial phase characterized by a chiseled, extremely specified feminine construct and correspondingly weak masculine representation: a in-between period of amplification in which both gender marks are related to each other in different contexts and mapped onto other sorts of marks: and eventually, toward the terminal of the Upper Palaeolithic, a clear, in writing representation of the Phallus but attendant weak and abstract rendition of female marks ( Ibid. p. 63 ) . This writer is non adequately experienced to judge the cogency of his statement here ; nevertheless, his thought experiment does let us to conceive of a gender-free universe, to see that gender and gender are socially constructed, and so conceive of that sexual and gender equality is possible in the hereafter. Decision In decision, we can see that biological accounts, including those of depth psychology, do non adequately account for human gender. Not merely does gender form our sexual relationships ( Connell, 2002: 143 ) , gender is a portion of the procedure in which gender is socially constructed, so, gender lies at the bosom of any gender system’ ( Cucchiari, 1981: 37 ) . Simone de Beauvior stated that One is non born, but instead becomes, a woman’ ( in Connell, 2002: 4 ) , it might be better to state that one is non born heterosexual/ homosexual/ bisexual, but instead becomes so ; gender is a affair of societal building, non of biological science, and is constructed as portion of the procedure of gender building: Human gender is fictile, non capable to stiff familial or hormonal patterning, but determined by the acquisition and symbolic countries of the brain’ ( Cucchiari, 1981: 38 ) . However, a concluding note of cautiousness is needed: gender is a societal building, but this does non intend that it is free from all the restraints imposed by biological science ; one is non wholly free to build one’s gender any more than one is free to build one’s ain gender. The societal building of both gender and gender is limited by and affects the human organic structure: Bodies can non be understood as merely the objects of societal procedure, whether symbolic or disciplinary. They are active participants in societal process’ ( Connell, 2002: 39-40 ) . The sociology of gender used to be chiefly concerned with the survey of aberrance ( Gamson and Moon, 2004: 47 ) , but queer theory’ is now in danger of situating genders as divorced from the organic structures that pattern them, and therefore sabotaging the part it can do to the wider survey of society. Bibliography Charles, Nickie ( 2003 ) Theorizing Gender’ ,Gender in Modern Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1-19. Connell, R.W. ( 2002 )Gender, Cambridge: Polity Press. Cucchiari, Salvatore ( 1981 ) The Gender Revolution and the Passage from Bisexual Horde to Partrilocal Band: The Origins of Gender Hierarchy’ ,Sexual Meanings: The Cultural Construction of Gender and SexualitY, Ortner, S and Whitehead, H ( Eds. ) , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 31-79. Gamson, Joshua and Moon, Dawne ( 2004 ) The Sociology of Sexualities: Fagot and Beyond’ ,Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 30, pp. 47-64. Kimmel, Michael S. ( 2000 ) Ordained by Nature: Biology Constructs the Sexes’ ,The Gendered Society, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 21-46. Martin, Emily The Egg and the Sperm: How Science has Constructed a Romance Based on Stereotyped Male-Female Roles’ ,Signs, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 485-501. Marshall, John ( 1983 ) The Medical Profession’ ,Prejudice and Pride: Discrimination against Gay People in Modern Britain, London: Routledge, pp. 165-193. Peplau, Letitia ( 2003 ) Human Sex: How do Men and Women Differ? ’ ,Current Directions in Psychological Science, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 37-40. Thompson, Nellie L. ( 2003 ) Marie Bonaparte s Theory of Female Sexuality: Fantasy and Biology’ ,American Imago, Vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 343-378. 1

The eNotes Blog eNotes Book Club Novemberâ€December Finds

Book Club November–December Finds In this installment of our book club, we looked for thoughtful, dark reads fitting for a foggy November and December. Cozy up with a cup of tea with us and read on. â€Å"Rough Deeds† by Annie Proulx Id recently read The Shipping News and wanted to start the next round of our book club with something â€Å"November-y.† You know, lots of nature, maybe some adventure, and a little dark. Lo and behold, I found a short story by Annie Proulx called â€Å"Rough Deeds† published in The New Yorker. Released in anticipation of her novel Barkskins, a 700+ page bear which I have but am intimidated to read, â€Å"Rough Deeds† is an account of historical fiction, following the life of Duquet, a man of French origin living in North America during the 18th century. â€Å"In New France, which people more and more called Canada, for the old Iroquois word kanata, Duquet was everywhere- examining, prying, measuring, observing, and calculating.† We all acknowledged that Duquet is cunning, ruthless, and prideful. We also agreed that hes a terrible person. For some, this was enough to make the story unenjoyable at first, but further discussion around Proulxs language brought them around. We found the story gripping, its language evocative, and were compelled to follow Duquets years-long journey from rough-cut entrepreneur to wealthy businessman. So, why should you read a story about an ambitious, morally suspect, 18th-century man? Well, for one, its a brilliant look at life in the 18th century. For another, Proulxs language illustrates a master at work: â€Å"During the early evening, the mildness went out of the weather. The sky filled with clouds the color of dark grapes, torn by flailing stems of lightning. An hour of rain moved along, and behind it the temperature dived into winter. Duquet woke at dawn, shivering. There was not a breath of wind, but every twig and branch bristled with spiky hoarfrost. In the distance, wolves howled messages to one another, their cries filleting the morning.† - Wes â€Å"The Buddhist† by Alan Rossi This time around, I chose the short story â€Å"The Buddhist† by Alan Rossi. I found the story and writing style interesting- the prose is fairly simple, but what interested me the most was investigating the details that make up the Buddhist’s past and help explain the self-deprecating behavior he portrays throughout the story. Reading the story introduces questions like, â€Å"What does it mean to be human?† and, â€Å"When does something helpful become something harmful?† The protagonist is seen mentoring a woman and telling her about his own introduction to Buddhism. I’m sure he meant for his story to come across as inspiring, but†¦ Well, read for yourself: â€Å"Why wasn’t I interested in climbing or kayaking anymore; why didn’t I care about playing any of the instruments I used to play? I didn’t joke the way I used to; I didn’t drink, didn’t do drugs or even seem to enjoy eating- everyone was basically saying the same thing.† Reading â€Å"The Buddhist† was like watching a trainwreck. Readers will wait helplessly as the Buddhist further isolates himself from other people and the things that once brought him joy. He justifies these actions to himself and his mentee through an unfortunate string of circular logic that follows him throughout the story. We can only read between the lines and hope that the Buddhist begins to change his perspective after the story ends. â€Å"I tried to show her that her feelings contained no reality, they were impermanent, based on the belief of a false self.† - Kate â€Å"St. Lucy’s Home For Girls Raised By Wolves† by Karen Russell As we rounded out 2018 and looked to our future book clubs, we decided that come the new year our discussions would be guided by predetermined themes. So for our last theme-less club- aside from us trying to identify â€Å"November mood† which is a smidge tougher than October, as you can imagine (Halloween provides much more short-story fodder than, say, public-domain texts about turkey or stuffing)- I decided to simply pick another Karen Russell piece. Last time around I had us read â€Å"Bog Girl† which we all seemed to thoroughly enjoy. I figured that, well, wolves eat a lot of birds (check!) and there’s definitely maybe fog rolling around a facility named St. Lucy’s (double check!). â€Å"A low granite wall surrounded St. Lucy’s, the blue woods humming for miles behind it. There was a stone fountain full of delectable birds. There was a statue of St. Lucy. Her marble skin was colder than our mother’s nose, her pupil-less eyes rolled heavenward. Doomed squirrels gamboled around her stony toes. Our diminished pack threw back our heads in a celebratory howl- an exultant and terrible noise, even without a chorus of wolf brothers in the background.† As we dived into the story, no one seemed to mind the exceptionally loose interpretation of â€Å"foggy-November piece† nor a ham-fisted Russell doubleheader. We had another satisfying discussion, as lycanthropic lineage ponderings replaced the bog’s borderline-necrophilic coming-of-age arguments. â€Å"And there was Mirabella, shucking her plaid jumper in full view of the visiting cardinal. Mirabella, battling a raccoon under the dinner table while the rest of us took dainty bites of peas and borscht. Mirabella, doing belly flops into compost.† The nuns of St. Lucy’s are tasked with transforming young wolves, with names like Hwraa! and Gwarr!, into well-to-do, civilized young ladies, with names like Jeanette and Claudette. This piece is cleverly written and full of charm (a â€Å"proper fairy tale† as Caitlin put it) as well as, personally, quite heartbreaking. As the only one whose formative years consisted of being stuffed into Catholic school- where tartan skirts battled the crisp Collared Shirts of Untucked Sovereignty to the north as they tickled forever-fresh knee scrapes to the south- I think I took to this piece a little more than the rest of the group. My untamed calf hair itches under the ghosts of stocking past just thinking about it. â€Å"The sisters swept our hair back into high, bouffant hairstyles. This made us look more girlish and less inclined to eat people, the way that squirrels are saved from looking like rodents by their poofy tails. I was wearing a white organdy dress with orange polka dots. Jeanette was wearing a mauve organdy dress with blue polka dots. Linette was wearing a red organdy dress with white polka dots. Mirabella was in a dark corner, wearing a muzzle.† A great story for your next book club; a most excellent story if your book club consists of a wild pack of werewolves. - Sam â€Å"I’ll Be Waiting† by Raymond Chandler There’d been a joke after finishing â€Å"The Buddhist† that November’s theme was â€Å"unlikeable protagonists.† My selection was easy- I love Chandler, but I’ve found few of his characters â€Å"likeable.† Besides, one doesn’t get much darker than noir. â€Å"I’ll Be Waiting† takes place in a hotel with filled with â€Å"shadowy loungers† and â€Å"memories like cobwebs.† It is fair to say that little happens in the story: the â€Å"house dick† meets a woman, meets the man who’s come looking for her, and convinces the man to leave. A lack of narrative motion and a sense of emotional detachment- the characters have no interiority, so that feeling must be gleaned from appearance and action- made it hard for some of us to invest in the story. But the language eventually drew us all in. â€Å"I’ll Be Waiting† was published in 1939, before the literary tropes associated with pulp and noir became so ubiquitous as to border on self-parody. There is no self-consciousness displayed in passages such as â€Å"I was married to him once. I might be married to him again. You can make a lot of mistakes in just one lifetime.† and â€Å"He held a gun. He held it as though he knew about guns.† While sentences like these filled me with a low-level glee, others were drawn in by the strong stylism of Chandler’s language. Water imagery appears throughout, seen first in protagonist Tony Reseck’s â€Å"quiet, sea-gray eyes† which later become â€Å"as simple as forest water.† Repetition of descriptions and frequent anaphora create a strong sense of rhythm. Descriptive sentences are both lush and taciturn, avoiding commas and conjunctions when a period could do. Adjectives rarely deploy without a partner. I won’t spoil our thematic discoveries for you, because it’s well worth diving into this story with a group of your own. Beneath the tropish trappings, something truly strange and intricate lurks. - Caitlin Three Poems by Wallace Stevens For our second round of readings, I chose a trio of poems by American poet Wallace Stevens. The three poems we discussed are â€Å"Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird† (1923), â€Å"The Idea of Order at Key West† (1934), and â€Å"Of Mere Being† (1955). The three poems differ in significant ways but all exemplify Stevens’s taste for plump, surprising phrases and his penchant for producing perplexion in his readers’ minds. â€Å"Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird† contains a series of thirteen brief, oblique vignettes, each of which is pierced by the enigmatic blackbird: â€Å"It was evening all afternoon. / It was snowing / And it was going to snow. / The blackbird sat / In the cedar-limbs.† This is Stevens at his concisest and- dare I say?- his cheekiest. â€Å"The Idea of Order at Key West† finds Stevens striking a Shakespearean pose, rolling out grand lines of pentameter in an exploration of poetry itself, which Stevens calls: â€Å"Words of the fragrant portals, dimly-starred, / And of ourselves and of our origins, / In ghostlier demarcations, keener sounds.† â€Å"Of Mere Being† is the final poem Stevens wrote. It offers the elusive image of â€Å"the palm at the end of the mind,† in which sits a â€Å"gold-feathered bird.† The poem, an homage to the impossibility of understanding, is both elegiac and light-hearted, and the final line leaps off the page with its sonorousness and humor: â€Å"The bird’s fire-fangled feathers dangle down.† - Zack Check out our past reads and other reading recommendations, and follow our Instagram for real-time book club updates. For our next installment, we will be following the theme of â€Å"Noir.† Have a theme suggestion for our next round? We’d love to hear from you! Send us an email at sburton@ with the subject line â€Å"Book Club Recommendation†.

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Financial Management - Essay Example real side of facts, however, the corporate goal of shareholder’s wealth maximization does not cause any negative or positive effect to the weight given to the ethical consideration given by market participants (Donald & Nelson, 2000). This paper is therefore meant to research whether the two goals of business ethics and value maximization are conflicting or not. It remains a traditional ideology where it was argued that wealth maximization is inconsistent with ethical behavior in a business. It has often been suggested that the people’s desire for value maximization in general and shareholders’ wealth maximization directly oppose the ethical concepts such as honesty, fairness and corporate social responsibility, or the good of the society. In maximizing the firm’s corporate value, an ethical firm may do this by maximizing the stock prices. In this way, the firm makes the stock as desirable as possible to investors. As we know, market prices can reflect ethics just as they can reflect other valuable items in the market such as cash flows. Investors who care about ethical issues therefore will the stock of unethical firm undesirable. This will make its stock price become lower than that of an ethical firm (Smith, 1992). In our day to day life, if a manager would like to hire someone to perform unethical work for certain ill-gain in the business, they will have to part with much more pay than if they hired someone to do some ethical duty for them which will gain the business positively. From this, it is evident that one cannot get into any unethical behavior with an aim of maximizing the corporate value of the firm. One of the ethical behaviors of managers in a business is that of corporate social responsibility. However, a firm that involves in corporate social responsibility lowers its ability to maximize its corporate value. For instance, a firm would like to donate some amount of money to a non-profit making organization to support a certain cause. By

Perform critical analysis of images used by the media, example, Research Paper

Perform critical analysis of images used by the media, example, commercial - Research Paper Example The audience which this was based on could range from those who were only beginning to drive to individuals who were looking for upgrades for their car for either longer road trips or to drive within the city. The tone of the commercial is inclusive of two voice overs, both males. The commercial takes the tone of boys that are playing with toy cars and which are ‘pretending’ to take specific turns with the car to overcome danger, make the commercial and to present a specific viewpoint about what the car represents. The tone is also inclusive of an undertone of believing in everything that the car can do, despite the sense of make – believe which is being conducted through the two voice overs. The message that is stated is based on the spoken communication, which includes everything one wants to be in the car, ranging from the hot woman driving â€Å"super fast† to overcoming a chase to being a school teacher. The stated message then moves into the slogan of â€Å"Chevy Runs Deep’ to show that the car is for everyone. The implied message goes into the car being able to be every person who drives the car is able to achieve all of their dreams. The concept of the film and the message which is created goes into the brand meeting the mental model of consumers. The concept used through the narration is first given as a speed effect, which elevates mood. This is done with a 1 minute commercial which continuously changes speed, has fast talking men thinking about the commercial and which shows the message of how the car can allow an individual to be anything. This elevates the mood, specifically toward the end when they end the clip with the woman driver being a teacher. However, the message which is implied moves beyond this. The car goes through the scenes that are from other cars, such as driving through a desert, going on a high speed chase in the city and jumping from a building. These are known not to be realistic which makes a mockery out of the past commercials and of the competitors, showing that a car used for everyday life still has the same capacities for those who need a high – quality car. The exposure to the settings of other car commercials, as well as the implications with the fast speech and imagination which leads into reality then creates a personal connection of what it means to own a car which is needed for everyday life (Sutherland, 1). Film Techniques The techniques which are used through the film continue with adding in the persuasion of the commercial. The beginning only has the voice overs and a black scene, which then moves into â€Å"I have a great idea for the Camero commercial† followed by seeing the desert and a car in the distance. This landscape shot is followed by moving close in to the car but not distinguishing the features, which is then followed by the voice overs saying â€Å"bam! It’s super fast.† These two first shots build the curiosity of th e consumer and grab the attention of those who are watching the commercial. The curiosity and attachment to the film continues to build with a quick clip which changes into another close up of showing the car swerving through mirrors. The camera angle uses a slant instead of a straight shot to show that there is a sense of not carrying a sense of reality. This